ABSTRACT
Background: Vitamin D is unique among vitamins as it can be synthesized from the action of ultra-violet radiation (UVR) upon the skin of human beings. This study was done to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among health care professionals.Methods: This was institution based study conducted over a period of two years at Govt. Medical College Hospital. The study was conducted on 200 healthy doctors working in different departments of Govt. Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Jammu for a period of two years. Data regarding demographic characteristics, lifestyle assessment, exposure to sunshine on workdays and weekends, type of clothing, use of sunscreen, subjective general health, dietary assessment and use of calcium or vitamin D supplements was collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: Mean value of age of study subjects was 26.18±2.09 years. Results showed that 50% were male and 50% were females. In this study, 65.50% of the study subjects were Hindu and 30% of study subjects were Muslim. Majority of the study subjects had exposure to sunlight for less than 20 minutes and only 10 out of 200 study subjects had exposure to sunlight for more than 30 minutes. In this study, 97% of the study subjects were vitamin D deficient and only 3% were vitamin D sufficient. Among 196 study subjects with vitamin D deficiency, severe deficiency was present in 30.41% (59 out of 194) of study subjects, moderate deficiency was present in 60.82% (118 out of 194) of study subjects and very few study subjects had mild vitamin D deficiency.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among healthy medical college students. Lack of awareness regarding importance of vitamin D requirement, inadequate exposure to sunlight, changes in lifestyle and food habits contribute to low vitamin D levels in young population.
ABSTRACT
AbstractBackground: The pellet gun is a shot gun weapon which is used by law enforcement agencies to maintain law and order in conflict zones whenever need arises. Sometimes these minute sized pellets may lead to grave injuries to vital structures of the body which may sometimes led to permanent disability. The objective of this study was to investigations and manages these fatal injuries in war conflicted valley. Methods: The prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar at the time of civilian unrest in 2016 and onwards when thousands of people were injured with pellets by security agencies. Results: Maximum number (67.1%) of patients had injuries to eyes and face, among the total number of patients 69 (17.2%) of patients had abdominal injuries. CECT abdomen showed pellets in all 69 (100%) of patients, pellets in gut lumen in 48 (69.5%) of patients. In the abdominal group 40 patients underwent laparotomy which showed hemoperitoneum in 49 (71.01%), pneumoperitoneum in 6 (8.69%) of patients. Conclusion: Pellet gun weapon has become a common arsenal to suppress the unarmed civilian agitation which may lead to fatal injuries to vital structures of body, where prognosis remained poor despite of best available treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background: Haemorrhoids are the enlargement or engorgement of the normal fibrovascular anal cushions. These fibrovascular cushions lose their attachment to the underlying rectal wall and lead to prolapse with repeated straining over time, thinning of rectal mucosa and subsequent bleeding. The objective of the present endeavour was to study the prevalence of associated colorectal lesions like colonic carcinoma, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease which present the rectal bleeding and role of colonoscopy in these lesionsMethods: This study was conducted in hundred fifty patients presenting with bleeding and haemorrhoids were analyzed. All patients were examined locally and endoscopically. All significant endoscopic findings (diverticuli, polyps, cancer, angiodysplasia and varices or colitis) were recorded.Results: Majority of patients were males (102), accounting for (68 percent). The main symptom at the time of presentation was rectal bleeding (90 percent). The digital rectal examination was normal in 114 patients. The commonest finding on proctoscopy examination was haemorrhoids. Colonoscopy showed haemorrhoids in maximum patients (147 percent). The associate lesions with altered bowel habits were growth in 12, worm in 6, solitary rectal ulcer in 3, pancolitis in 3.Conclusions: It can be concluded that in the present study colonoscopy revealed a high proportion of colorectal pathologies with haemorrhoids presenting with bleeding per rectum. Colonoscopy thus proved to be very useful procedure in patients with haemorrhoids especially in elderly.
ABSTRACT
Background: The study was conducted to screen women who have abnormal vaginal discharge with Pap smear to do histopathological analysis of colposcopically directed biopsies.Methods: A prospective analytical study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. The patients were randomly selected who fulfilled the selection criteria and was carried out to study the correlation of Pap smear and colposcopy in women with unhealthy cervix. Results: Among all patients 13% were between 20-29 years, 38% were between 30- 39%, 31% belonging to 40-49 years group and 18% was between 50-59%. Among 100 Women studied, 33% were illiterates, 55% had primary/high school education and 12% had Higher education Majority of the patients (68.7%) of CIN occurred in the age group of 30-49years, 41.7% with CIN were paragrvida 2, 43.8% with CIN were paragravida 3 and 18.6% were greater than paragravida 4 showing high incidence of CIN in multiparity.The incidence of CIN was found to be high among the lower income group 87.5%.The major presenting complains in the study patients were white discharge per vagina.Conclusions: Colposcopy was found to be useful in understanding the morphology of the cervical lesion, both of the neoplastic and nonneoplastic ones and was very helpful in planning their management. Cytology is an accepted method for screening for cervical cancer and the value of colposcopy has been recognized. Hence it may be better to utilize cervical cytology smear with colposcopy should be offered as a diagnostic method in all patients with unhealthy cervix.